For men with low blood testosterone levels and symptoms most likely caused by a low level, the benefits of hormone replacement therapy usually outweigh potential risks. Testosterone therapy may make sense for women who have low testosterone levels and symptoms that might be due to testosterone deficiency. Estrogen therapy increases sex hormone binding globulin and, like aging men, this reduces the amount of free, active testosterone in the body. Diet can also help with fat loss, which will help reduce estrogen and increase T. When men are exposed to too much of this estrogen-imitating chemical, T levels can drop. Xenoestrogen is a chemical that imitates estrogen in the human body. Pesticides and industrial chemicals can dampen testosterone (and can cause cancer), so definitely limit your exposure to that stuff. When testosterone levels rise too high, the brain sends signals to the pituitary to reduce production. Gram, Emma Grundtvig, Nickel, Brooke, et al., Selling masculinity – A qualitative analysis on gender representations in social media content about "low T", (Social Science & Medicine, 2026) Young, healthy men are being told that common experiences like tiredness, stress or changes in libido are signs that something is medically wrong and that testosterone is the solution. "The concentration of testosterone in your blood varies between individuals, at different times of the day, and can even be influenced by other health conditions. Gram’s study found 72% of social media posts analysed also had financial interests, such as selling testosterone tests, treatments or supplements, or were sponsored by industry. We showed that wielding power increases testosterone in women regardless of whether it is done in stereotypically masculine or feminine ways, supporting the stereotyped behavior hypothesis (H1) over the stereotyped performance hypothesis (H2) for how gender might modulate testosterone. We found that wielding power increased testosterone in women compared with a control, regardless of whether it was performed in gender-stereotyped masculine or feminine ways. We hypothesized in H1 (stereotyped behavior) that wielding power increases testosterone regardless of how it is performed, vs. H2 (stereotyped performance), that wielding power performed in masculine but not feminine ways increases testosterone. Wielding power increased testosterone in women regardless of the gender stereotyped way it was performed, supporting H1 (stereotyped behavior) over H2 (stereotyped performance). In H1, we test whether wielding power would increase testosterone regardless of whether it is performed in gender-stereotyped masculine or feminine ways. Because wielding power is subject to gender-specific socialization, gender socialization can constrain how frequently women and men engage in behaviors that affect testosterone. Mean gender self-ratings on femininity and masculinity subscales (41, 42) by condition (neutral control, masculine, and feminine), with SE bars. Because gender norms encourage more competition for men and less for women (10, 24), men could actually show dampened testosterone responses to individual competitive events because of their higher rate of engagement in them. Recent theory predicts that competition and holding power, rather than masculinity per se, increases testosterone (3). "When you’re seeing them repeatedly, they’re such strong messages that they’re very persuasive, even for people with high health literacy," says Nickel. Another influencer claimed his testosterone was so low he was three numbers away from being called a female. "We found they were using fear-mongering messages to promote these tests and treatments, strongly playing on a narrative around masculinity and sexuality." "It was being heavily marketed to healthy young men and we were finding strong and concerning underlying narratives that we wanted to dig into," Nickel says. Misogyny, homophobia and misinformation are being spread by manosphere influencers on social media platforms and Theroux meets some of the people who are driving this culture. In his Netflix film, Inside the Manosphere, documentary-maker Louis Theroux highlights the toxic masculinity that is rife online. Do them consistently, and your hormone health should be fine. Cortisol and testosterone compete for resources in your body. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables to get the micronutrients your body needs for hormones. Get a moderate amount of fat for hormone health. Besides helping with vitamin D production, getting outside can also help manage stress, which, as we’ll see in a second, is another important factor in hormone health. All those little "movement snacks" can keep your body running like a finely tuned machine, including the parts that manage hormones. Testosterone is typically understood to contribute to maleness and masculinity, although it also responds to behaviors such as competition. Our paper provides a demonstration of a novel gender→testosterone pathway, opening up new avenues for studying gender biology. This shows that research on human sex biology needs to account for gender socialization and that nurture, as well as nature, is salient to hormone physiology. "The main thing I was shocked about was this promotion of a really narrow ideal of masculinity and turning it into a medical problem and an industry." "It’s tricky because a testosterone test is a legitimate medical test; it’s not fake or flawed. Also, when supplements are being used, the body’s natural hormone production slows down, meaning the treatment needs to be continued to avoid a withdrawal period. Common experiences such as fatigue, stress, lower libido or ageing are being reframed as signs of testosterone deficiency that require medical intervention."